ASCII, American Code for Information Interchange. Character Symbols.

(Pronounced "ass-kee." or "ask-key.")

American Code for Information Interchange - Pronounced "ass-kee." or "ask-key". A way of represent characters. The first 128 characters are standardized, and the first 32 of those are control codes, which are not visible characters but codes that can be used for text formatting or actions, such as form-feed. After the 32 control codes, the next 96 standardized characters represent numbers, letters (both uppercase and lowercase), and standard punctuation marks. The last 128 characters represent different things on different platforms. The total number of characters is 256, (8 bits of binary data). Only the first 7 bits 0 to 127 are defined. (The 8th bit may have been used as a parity check, generally this eight bit is now used to store extra characters).

Compare Bargains on ASCII

A tutorial on character code issues

ASCII Character Codes. This is a list of character codes in decimal, hex, octal and binary.

ASCII Code Characters  Includes (ASCII Control code details and The IBM (DOS) Extended Character set)

A tutorial on character code issues

Fix Text - Converts out strange non-web character codes when filling out web forms

Using Special Characters on Web Pages: Cross-Platform Considerations

HTML charsets

Creating Multilingual Web Pages: Unicode Support in HTML, HTML Editors and Web Browsers

Please note there could be errors below. Also there are different numbering systems. If you spot any errors please click here and let me know the exact error.

Decimal

ASCII

Description HTML

Hex

Binary

Octal  

0

NUL null  

0h

00000000

000

1

SOH

Start of Heading Control-A  

1h

00000001

001

2

STX Start of Text Control-B  

2h

00000010

002

3

ETX End of Text Control-C  

3h

00000011

003

4

EOT End of Transmission Control-D  

4h

00000100

004

5

ENQ Enquiry Control-E  

5h

00000101

005

6

ACK Acknowledge Control-F  

6h

00000110

006

7

BELL bell  

7h

00000111

007

8

BS Back Space  

8h

00001000

010

9

TAB Horizontal tab  

9h

00001001

011

10

LF Line feed  

Ah

00001010

012

11

VF Vertical Tab  

Bh

00001011

013

12

FF Form Feed (New Page)  

Ch

00001100

014

13

CR Carriage Return  

Dh

00001101

015

14

SO Shift Out Control-N  

Eh

00001110

016

15

SI Shift In Control-O  

Fh

00001111

017

16

DLE Data Link Escape Control-P  

10h

00010000

020

17

DC1 Device Control 1 Control-Q  

11h

00010001

021

18

DC2 Device Control 2 Control-R  

12h

00010010

022

19

DC3 Device Control 3 Control-S  

13h

00010011

023

20

DC4 Device Control 4 Control-T  

14h

00010100

024

21

NAK Negative Acknowledge Control-U  

15h

00010101

025

22

SYN Synchronise Idle Control-V  

16h

00010110

026

23

EBT End of Transmission Block Control-W  

17h

00010111

027

24

CAN Cancel Control-X  

18h

00011000

030

25

EM End of Medium Control-X  

19h

00011001

031

26

SUB Substiute Control-Y  

1Ah

00011010

032

27

ESC Escape Control-Z  

1Bh

00011011

033

28

FS File Separator  

1Ch

00011100

034

29

GS Group Separator  

1Dh

00011101

035

30

RS Record Separator  

1Eh

00011110

036

31

UN Unit Separator  

1Fh

00011111

037
 

Printable Characters 32 to 127 decimal.

 
32 space Space   20h 00100000 040
33  ! Exclamation mark   21h 00100001 041
34 " Quotation mark   22h 00100010 042
35 # Number sign   23h 00100011 043
36 $ Dollar sign   24h 00100100 044
37 % Percent sign   25h 00100101 045
38 & Ampersand   26h 00100110 046
39 ' Apostrophe   27h 00100111 047
40 ( Left parenthesis    28h 00101000 050
41 ) Right parenthesis   29h 00101001 051
42 * Asterisk   2Ah 00101010 052
43 + Plus sign   2Bh 00101011 053
44 , Comma   2Ch 00101100 054
45 - Hyphen   2Dh 00101101 055
46 . Period (fullstop)   2Eh 00101110 056
47 / Solidus (slash)   2Fh 00101111 057
48 0     30h 00110000 060
49 1     31h 00110001 061
50 2       32h 00110010 062
51 3     33h 00110011 063
52 4     34h 00110100 064
53 5     35h 00110101 065
54 6     36h 00110110 066
55 7     37h 00110111 067
56 8     38h 00111000 070
57 9     39h 00111001 071
58 : Colon   3Ah 00111010 072
59 ; Semi-colon   3Bh 00111011 073
60 < Less than   3Ch 00111100 074
61 = Equals sign   3Dh 00111101 075
62 > Greater than   3Eh 00111110 076
63 ? Question mark   3Fh 00111111 077
64 @ Commercial at   40h 01000000 100
65 A     41h 01000001 101
66 B     42h 01000010 102
67 C     43h 01000011 103
68 D     44h 01000100 104
69 E     45h 01000101 105
70 F      46h 01000110 106
71 G     47h 01000111 107
72 H     48h 01001000 110
73 I     49h 01001001 111
74 J     4Ah 01001010 112
75 K     4Bh 01001011 113
76 L     4Ch 01001100 114
77 M     4Dh 01001101 115
78 N     4Eh 01001110 116
79 O     4Fh 01001111 117
80 P      50h 01010000 120
81 Q     51h 01010001 121
82 R     52h 01010010 122
83 S     53h 01010011 123
84 T     54h 01010100 124
85 U     55h 01010101 125
86 V     56h 01010110 126
87 W     57h 01010111 127
88 X     58h 01011000 130
89 Y     59h 01011001 131
90 Z      5Ah 01011010 132
91 [ Left square bracket   5Bh 01011011 133
92 \ Reverse solidus (backslash)   5Ch 01011100 134
93 ] Right square bracket   5Dh 01011101 135
94 ^ Caret   5Eh 01011110 136
95 _ Horizontal bar (underscore)   5Fh 01011111 137
96 ` Acute accent   60h 01100000 140
97 a     61h 01100001 141
98 b     62h 01100010 142
99 c     63h 01100011 143
100 d      64h 01100100 144
101 e     65h 01100101 145
102 f     66h 01100110 146
103 g     67h 01100111 147
104 h     68h 01101000 150
105 i     69h 01101001 151
106 j     6Ah 01101010 152
107 k     6Bh 01101011 153
108 l     6Ch 01101100 154
109 m     6Dh 01101101 155
110 n      6Eh 01101110 156
111 o     6Fh 01101111 157
112 p     70h 01110000 160
113 q     71h 01110001 161
114 r     72h 01110010 162
115 s     73h 01110011 163
116 t     74h 01110100 164
117 u     75h 01110101 165
118 v     76h 01110110 166
119 w     77h 01110111 167
120 x      78h 01111000 170
121 y     79h 01111001 171
122 z     7Ah 01111010 172
123 { Left curly brace   7Bh 01111011 173
124 | Vertical bar   7Ch 01111100 174
125 } Right curly brace   7Dh 01111101 175
126

~

Tilde   7Eh 01111110 176
127

 DEL

    7Fh 01111111 177
 

Values Above 127 decimal are some times used for extended characters. These may not be the same on all systems.

 
128       80h 10000000 200  
129       81h 10000001 201
130        82h 10000010 202
130       83h 10000011 203
132       84h 10000100 204
133       85h 10000101 205
134       86h 10000110 206
135       87h 10000111 207
136       88h 10001000 210
137       89h 10001001 211
138       8Ah 10001010 212
139       8Bh 10001011 213
140         8Ch 10001100 214
141       8Dh 10001101 215
142       8Eh 10001110 216
143       8Fh 10001111 217
144       90h 10010000 220
145       91h 10010001 221

146

      92h 10010010 222
147       93h 10010011 223
148       94h 10010100 224
149       95h 10010101 225
150       96h 10010110 226
151       97h 10010111 227
152       98h 10011000 230
153       99h 10011001 231
154       9Ah 10011010 232
155       9Bh 10011011 233
156       9Ch 10011100 234
157       9Dh 10011101 235
158       9Eh 10011110 236
159       9Fh 10011111 237
160   Non-breaking Space &nbsp; A0h 10100000 240
161 ¡ Inverted exclamation &iexcl; A1h 10100001 241
162 ¢ Cent sign &cent; A2h 10100010 242
163 £ Pound sterling &pound; A3h 10100011 243
164 ¤ General currency sign &curren; A4h 10100100 244
165 ¥ Yen sign &yen; A5h 10100101 245
166 ¦ Broken vertical bar &brvbar; A6h 10100110 246
167 § Section sign &sect; A7h 10100111 247
168 ¨ Umlaut (dieresis) &uml; A8h 10101000 250
169 © Copyright &copy; A9h 10101001 251
170 ª Feminine ordinal &ordf; AAh 10101010 252
171 « Left angle quote, guillemotleft &laquo; ABh 10101011 253
172 ¬ Not sign &not; ACh 10101100 254
173 ­ Soft hyphen &shy; ADh 10101101 255
174 ® Registered trademark &reg; AEh 10101110 256
175 ¯ Macron accent &macr; AFh 10101111 257
176 ° Degree sign &deg; B0h 10110000 260
177 ± Plus or minus &plusmn; B1h 10110001 261
178 ² Superscript two &sup2; B2h 10110010 262
179 ³ Superscript three &sup3; B3h 10110011 263
180 ´ Acute accent &acute; B4h 10110100 264
181 µ Micro sign &micro; B5h 10110101 265
182 Paragraph sign &para; B6h 10110110 266
183 · Middle dot &middot; B7h 10110111 267
184 ¸ Cedilla &cedil; B8h 10111000 270
185 ¹ Superscript one &sup1; B9h 10111001 271
186 º Masculine ordinal &ordm; BAh 10111010 272
187 » Right angle quote, guillemotright &raquo; BBh 10111011 273
188 ¼ Fraction one-fourth &frac14; BCh 10111100 274
189 ½ Fraction one-half &frac12; BDh 10111101 275
190 ¾ Fraction three-fourths &frac34; BEh 10111110 276
191 ¿ Inverted question mark &iquest; BFh 10111111 277
192 À Capital A, grave accent &Agrave; C0h 11000000 300
193 Á Capital A, acute accent &Aacute; C1h 11000001 301
194 Â Capital A, circumflex accent &Acirc; C2h 11000010 302
195 Ã Capital A, tilde &Atilde; C3h 11000011 303
196 Ä Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark &Auml; C4h 11000100 304
197 Å Capital A, ring &Aring; C5h 11000101 305
198 Æ Capital AE dipthong (ligature) &AElig; C6h 11000110 306
199 Ç Capital C, cedilla &Ccedil; C7h 11000111 307
200 È Capital E, grave accent &Egrave; C8h 11001000 310
201 É Capital E, acute accent &Eacute; C9h 11001001 311
202 Ê Capital E, circumflex accent &Ecirc; CAh 11001010 312
203 Ë Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark &Euml; CBh 11001011 313
204 Ì Capital I, grave accent &Igrave; CCh 11001100 314
205 Í Capital I, acute accent &Iacute; CDh 11001101 315
206 Î Capital I, circumflex accent &Icirc; CEh 11001110 316
207 Ï Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark &Iuml; CFh 11001111 317
208 Ð Capital Eth, Icelandic &ETH; D0h 11010000 320
209 Ñ Capital N, tilde &Ntilde; D1h 11010001 321
210 Ò Capital O, grave accent &Ograve; D2h 11010010 322
211 Ó Capital O, acute accent &Oacute; D3h 11010011 323
212 Ô Capital O, circumflex accent &Ocirc; D4h 11010100 324
213 Õ Capital O, tilde &Otilde; D5h 11010101 325
214 Ö Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark &Ouml; D6h 11010110 326
215 × Multiply sign &times; D7h 11010111 327
216 Ø Capital O, slash &Oslash; D8h 11011000 330
217 Ù Capital U, grave accent &Ugrave; D9h 11011001 331
218 Ú Capital U, acute accent &Uacute; DAh 11011010 332
219 Û Capital U, circumflex accent &Ucirc; DBh 11011011 333
220 Ü Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark &Uuml; DCh 11011100 334
221 Ý Capital Y, acute accent &Yacute; DDh 11011101 335
222 Þ Capital THORN, Icelandic &THORN; DEh 11011110 336
223 ß Small sharp s, German (sz ligature) &szlig; DFh 11011111 337
224 à Small a, grave accent &agrave; E0h 11100000 340
225 á Small a, acute accent &aacute; E1h 11100001 341
226 â Small a, circumflex accent &acirc; E2h 11100010 342
227 ã Small a, tilde &atilde; E3h 11100011 343
228 ä Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark &auml; E4h 11100100 344
229 å Small a, ring &aring; E5h 11100101 345
230 æ Small ae dipthong (ligature) &aelig; E6h 11100110 346
231 ç Small c, cedilla &ccedil; E7h 11100111 347
232 è Small e, grave accent &egrave; E8h 11101000 350
233 é Small e, acute accent &eacute; E9h 11101001 351
234 ê Small e, circumflex accent &ecirc; EAh 11101010 352
235 ë Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark &euml; EBh 11101011 353
236 ì Small i, grave accent &igrave; ECh 11101100 354
237 í Small i, acute accent &iacute; EDh 11101101 355
238 î Small i, circumflex accent &icirc; EEh 11101110 356
239 ï Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark &iuml; EFh 11101111 357
240 ð Small eth, Icelandic &eth; F0h 11110000 360
241 ñ Small n, tilde &ntilde; F1h 11110001 361
242 ò Small o, grave accent &ograve; F2h 11110010 362
243 ó Small o, acute accent &oacute; F3h 11110011 363
244 ô Small o, circumflex accent &ocirc; F4h 11110100 364
245 õ Small o, tilde &otilde; F5h 11110101 365
246 ö Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark &ouml; F6h 11110110 366
247 ÷ Division sign &divide; F7h 11110111 367
248 ø Small o, slash &oslash; F8h 11111000 370
249 ù Small u, grave accent &ugrave; F9h 11111001 371
250 ú Small u, acute accent &uacute; FAh 11111010 372
251 û Small u, circumflex accent &ucirc; FBh 11111011 373
252 ü Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark &uuml; FCh 11111100 374
253 ý Small y, acute accent &yacute; FDh 11111101 375
254 þ Small thorn, Icelandic &thorn; FEh 11111110 376
255 ÿ Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark &yuml; FFh 11111111 377

Some special  Symbols and Letters

Symbols    
Code Symbol Description
&lsquo; left single quote
&rsquo; right single quote
&sbquo; single low-9 quote
&ldquo; left double quote
&rdquo; right double quote
&bdquo; double low-9 quote
&dagger; dagger
&Dagger; double dagger
&permil; per mill sign
&lsaquo; left angle quote (single)
&rsaquo; right angle quote (single)
&spades; black spade suit
&clubs; black club suit
&hearts; black heart suit
&diams; black diamond suit
&oline; overline
&larr; leftward arrow
&uarr; upward arrow
&rarr; rightward arrow
&darr; downward arrow
&trade; trademark sign
&amp; & ampersand
&lt; < less-than sign
&gt; > greater-than sign
&quot; " quotation mark
&times; × multiplication sign
&divide; ÷ division sign
&ndash; en dash
&mdash; em dash
&nbsp;   nonbreaking space (note *)
&iexcl; ¡ inverted exclamation
&cent; ¢ cent sign
&pound; £ pound sterling
&curren; ¤ general currency sign
&yen; ¥ yen sign
&euro; euro sign
&brvbar; ¦ broken vertical bar
&sect; § section sign
&#127;  square (note **)
&uml; ¨ umlaut
&copy; © copyright
&ordf; ª feminine ordinal
&laquo; « left angle quote
&not; ¬ not sign
&reg; ® registered trademark
&macr; ¯ macron accent
&deg; ° degree sign
&plusmn; ± plus or minus
&sup2; ² superscript two
&sup3; ³ superscript tree
&acute; ´ acute accent
&micro; µ micro sign
&para; paragraph sign
&middot; · middle dot
&cedil; ¸ cedilla
&sup1; ¹ superscript one
&ordm; º masculine ordinal
&raquo; » right angle quote
&frac14; ¼ one quarter
&frac12; ½ one half
&frac34; ¾ three quarters
&iquest; ¿ inverted question mark
Letters Uppercase
Code Symbol Description
&Agrave; À uppercase A, grave accent
&Aacute; Á uppercase A, acute accent
&Acirc; Â uppercase A, circumflex accent
&Atilde; Ã uppercase A, tilde
&Auml; Ä uppercase A, umlaut
&Aring; Å uppercase A, ring
&AElig; Æ uppercase AE
&Ccedil; Ç uppercase C, cedilla
&Egrave; È uppercase E, grave accent
&Eacute; É uppercase E, acute accent
&Ecirc; Ê uppercase E, circumflex accent
&Euml; Ë uppercase E, umlaut
&Igrave; Ì uppercase I, grave accent
&Iacute; Í uppercase I, acute accent
&Icirc; Î uppercase I, circumflex accent
&Iuml; Ï uppercase I, umlaut
&ET; Ð uppercase Et, Icelandic
&Ntilde; Ñ uppercase N, tilde
&Ograve; Ò uppercase O, grave accent
&Oacute; Ó uppercase O, acute accent
&Ocirc; Ô uppercase O, circumflex accent
&Otilde; Õ uppercase O, tilde
&Ouml; Ö uppercase O, umlaut
&Oslash; Ø uppercase O, slash
&Ugrave; Ù uppercase U, grave accent
&Uacute; Ú uppercase U, acute accent
&Ucirc; Û uppercase U, circumflex accent
&Uuml; Ü uppercase U, umlaut
&Yacute; Ý uppercase Y, acute accent
&THORN; Þ uppercase THORN, Icelandic
Letters Lowercase
Code Symbol Description
&szlig; ß lowercase sarps, German
&agrave; à lowercase a, grave accent
&aacute; á lowercase a, acute accent
&acirc; â lowercase a, circumflex accent
&atilde; ã lowercase a, tilde
&auml; ä lowercase a, umlaut
&aring; å lowercase a, ring
&aelig; æ lowercase ae
&ccedil; ç lowercase c, cedilla
&egrave; è lowercase e, grave accent
&eacute; é lowercase e, acute accent
&ecirc; ê lowercase e, circumflex accent
&euml; ë lowercase e, umlaut
&igrave; ì lowercase i, grave accent
&iacute; í lowercase i, acute accent
&icirc; î lowercase i, circumflex accent
&iuml; ï lowercase i, umlaut
&et; ð lowercase et, Icelandic
&ntilde; ñ lowercase n, tilde
&ograve; ò lowercase o, grave accent
&oacute; ó lowercase o, acute accent
&ocirc; ô lowercase o, circumflex accent
&otilde; õ lowercase o, tilde
&ouml; ö lowercase o, umlaut
&oslas; ø lowercase o, slash
&ugrave; ù lowercase u, grave accent
&uacute; ú lowercase u, acute accent
&ucirc; û lowercase u, circumflex accent
&uuml; ü lowercase u, umlaut
&yacute; ý lowercase y, acute accent
&torn; þ lowercase torn, Icelandic
&yuml; ÿ lowercase y, umlaut

Notes

Note * : this creates a non-breaking space.  You can indent stuff off the margin with a few &nbsp;.

Note &nbsp;.is useful if you don't want words to be placed onto a new lines you may separate them with &nbsp; This is especially useful for names etc.. Firstname Surname may be cause the Surname to be paced on different lines whereas Firstname&nbsp;Surname should keep these two together, the two word may be placed on a new line but they will be kept together.

Example space used:-

Firstname Surname

Fred
Jones

  Example non-breaking space, ( &nbsp; ), used:-

Firstname&nbsp;Surname

Fred Jones 

Note : when there is no named value for a symbol, you can use its numerical value instead. All characters have a number attached to them, but if there is a name, you may as well use that.

Caution : If you are putting in the code correctly but the symbol isn't coming up you may want to check which font the text is in. Some typefaces won't have the symbol included. You can fix this by changing all your text's font type, or by wrapping the FONT tag (with a common font like Arial) around the symbol itself.

ASCII instead of EBCDIC, Rad50, or Unicode, discrepancies arise. (From O'reilly PERL cookbook)

Unicode  provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language.

Unicode HTML Entities From Mr. Rat

Unicode Easy Keyboard Layout This is a keyboard layout for Windows XP that adds easy access for lots of additional characters. It differs from the "United States International" keyboard layout included with Windows in that none of the standard punctuation marks are dead keys. This means you can activate this layout and not even notice it until you intentionally use it, whereas using the "United States International" layout requires retraining yourself in typing certain character combinations. Also, the Unicode Easy keyboard layout includes all of the Latin composite characters and all of the Greek characters in Unicode, whereas the built-in layout includes only characters in the ISO-8859-1 code page. Supported diacritical marks are: acute, grave, circumflex, diaeresis, tilde, cedilla, breve, caron, ring above, stroke, macron, dot above, and dot below.

Under Unix or Plan9, a "\n", (Newline character), represents the physical sequence "\cJ" (the PERL double-quote escape for Ctrl-J), a linefeed. An Enter key generates an incoming "\cM" (a carriage return) which turns into "\cJ", whereas an outgoing "\cJ" turns into "\cM\cJ", (carriage return and a linefeed) .

Apple Mac, a "\n" is usually represented by "\cM" because the standard requires that "\n" and "\r" be different a "\r" represents a "\cJ". This is the opposite of the way that Unix, Plan9, VMS, CP/M, or nearly anyone else does it. So, Mac programmers writing files for other systems or talking over a network have to be careful. If you send out "\n", you'll deliver a "\cM", and no "\cJ" will be seen. Most network services prefer to receive and send "\cM\cJ" as a line terminator, but most accept merely a "\cJ".

With VMS, DOS, or their derivatives, a "\n" represents "\cJ", similar to Unix  and Plan9. From the perspective of a tty, Unix and DOS act identically a user who hits Enter generates a "\cM", which arrives at the program as a "\n", which is "\cJ". A "\n" ("\cJ", remember) sent to a terminal shows up as a "\cM\cJ".

This occurs with Windows files as well. A DOS text file actually physically contains two characters at the end of every line, "\cM\cJ". The last block in the file has a "\cZ" to indicate where the EOF, End of File). When you write a line like "This is a line\n" on those systems, the file contains "This is a line\cM\cJ", just as if it were a terminal.

If you read a line on such systems. The file itself contains "This is a line\cM\cJ", this is a 16-byte string. When it is read by you program it gets "This is a line\n", where that "\n" is the virtual newline character, that is, a linefeed ( "\cJ" ). To remove it, a single chop or chomp, in PERL will do.

Be careful with the position markers in such files. The way the file is stored may have a different way to how it is displayed and how the data is interpreted by the program. This could lead to miscalculations of the position.

Use the tell function, in PERL (Returns the current position for FILEHANDLE, or -1 on error. FILEHANDLE may be an expression whose value gives the name of the actual filehandle. If FILEHANDLE is omitted, assumes the file last read.), to determine your location.

This legacy of the old CP/M filesystem, whose equivalent of a Unix  inode stored only block counts and not file sizes, has frustrated programmers for decades, and no end is in sight. DOS is compatible with CP/M file formats, Windows with DOS, and NT with Windows.

On Windows, text and binary files are quite different. In a text file, the characters'\r\n'are translated to'\n'when read from the disk. The End Of File marker, (EOF), is the'^Z'character. If you open a file in text mode, and the data has a'^Z'somewhere in it, the file may abort prematurely. In binary files, these characters are not translated, they're treated like an ordinary character value.

Character Entity References in HTML and XHTML. A set of tables allowed entities in HTML and XHTML, as described in section 24 of the official HTML specifications, published by the W3C. Divided into logical, categories. From Cookwood Press.

OPERATOR DIFFERENCES The .. range operator treats certain character ranges with care on EBCDIC machines. For example the following array will have twenty six elements on either an EBCDIC machine or an ASCII machine. Find out about cJ, cI, (You may see these when loading Excel characters codes via PERL), etc...

Unicode (UTF-8) provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language.

UTF-8 and Unicode Standards. What is UTF-8? UTF-8 stands for Unicode Transformation Format-8. It is an octet,( see Octal). (8-bit) lossless encoding of Unicode characters.

Hexadecimal Values

The hexadecimal system (hex for short) uses numbers from 0 to 15. It starts off like the decimal system: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 but then comes A which equals 10 and then B, C, D, E and F (which of course equals 15). The next number is 10 which is actually 16 in decimal and so on....

Because it can be impossible to distinguish between a hex and a decimal number (is that 25 a decimal 25 or is it 25 in hex which equals 37 decimal?) it is custom to put a lower case h after each hex number.

Octal Values

Similar to the hexadecimal system but uses a base of 8. It therefore includes only the digits 0 through 7 (any other digit would make the number an invalid octal number).

Binary Values

Most computers use switches, (transistors very small,) which have two states (or "on" and "off" or "false" and "true")  0 or 1.

So will be something like 01000100. Not all the bits may be shown e.g. 101 is the same as 00000101 which is 5 decimal.

Microsoft Global Input Method Editors (IMEs). Now, you can input Chinese, Japanese, and Korean text into any Microsoft Office XP applications, Web forms, and e-mail messages on any language version of Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium, Windows 98, and Windows NT 4.0 with Service Pack 6 (SP6) or later. And it's easy. After you have installed the Global IME for Office XP, you just start your Office XP program, select the language from the Language bar, and you can type the language you choose, regardless of the language version of Office XP or Windows you are using. Translation 

ECMA Standards. ECMA International is an industry association founded in 1961, dedicated to the standardization of information and communication systems.

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