Web Master Law. Legal issues for Web Masters.

This page will not cover all legal issues for web masters. This page is for basic legal issues for web masters. You should contact a qualified legal expert before taken any legal actions. It is not possible to cover all web master laws or legal issues covering the use of the Internet here.

NOTE: Some Link may have their own Conspiracy Theory, their own political or non-political agenda. Some links could even be just Scare Mongering to try to increase web site visitors to those sites. Some links could provide a controversial view point. All links and information are for Information only. You should contact a qualified legal expert before taken any legal actions.

Other links

SOPA Is Dead: Smith Pulls Bill (If it is dead then it is thanks to everyone who protested)

Lamar Smith, the chief sponsor of SOPA, said on Friday that he is pulling the bill “until there is wider agreement on a solution.”

“I have heard from the critics and I take seriously their concerns regarding proposed legislation to address the problem of online piracy,” Smith (R-Texas) said. “It is clear that we need to revisit the approach on how best to address the problem of foreign thieves that steal and sell American inventions and products.”

Facebook ‘Relieved’ That SOPA Is Dead

Facebook has responded to the death of SOPA, expressing its relief that the bill has been pulled and thanking its users for their feedback.

Although Facebook didn’t go dark for SOPA, the company has expressed its opposition to the bill. On Wednesday, Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg expanded on his thoughts, calling the legislation “poorly thought out

SOPA Is Gone But The US Internet Dictatorship Is The Real Problem SOPA may have gone but there are still laws and policies which impose US standards on the rest of the world, says Eric Doyle

NOTE: PLEASE DON'T DROP THE GUARD to YOUR FREEDOMS, (what will they try next).

A BIG THANK YOU TO ALL THOSE WHO STAND UP FOR FREEDOMS

The COMPUTER was invented in England, during the war. See Alan Turing is widely considered to be the father of computer science and artificial intelligence.

A British Person Invented the WORLD WIDE WEB, NOTE: This says "World" not AMERICAN CORPORATION WIDE WEB. Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee a British computer scientist the inventor of the World Wide Web.

NOTE: IT IS BEING SAID THAT SOPA and PIPA HAVE ONLY BEEN DELAYED AND NOT STOPPED !!!

The question is, what is SOPA, (Stop Online Piracy Act) and PIPA, (Protect IP), really about ?

Is it not about Piracy but it is an excuse to Spy on users and close things down that the Government don't like to hear, (usually the truth), e.g. things that does not praise them and keep them in power and lots of personal wealth. If it was about copying or piracy then the DMCA, Digital Millennium Copyright Act could be used.

Tell Congress: Don’t censor the Web (Google). Millions of Americans, (and other Country), oppose SOPA and PIPA because these bills would censor the Internet and slow economic growth in the U.S. Two bills before Congress, known as the Protect IP Act (PIPA) in the Senate and the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the House, would censor the Web and impose harmful regulations on American business. Millions of Internet users and entrepreneurs already oppose SOPA and PIPA.

The Senate will begin voting on January 24th. Please let them know how you feel. Sign this petition urging Congress to vote NO on PIPA and SOPA before it is too late. Tell Congress: Don’t censor the Web Fighting online piracy is important. The most effective way to shut down pirate websites is through targeted legislation that cuts off their funding. There’s no need to make American social networks, blogs and search engines censor the Internet or undermine the existing laws that have enabled the Web to thrive, creating millions of U.S. jobs.Too much is at stake – please vote NO on PIPA and SOPA.

More about SOPA and PIPA (Google). Members of Congress are trying to do the right thing by going after pirates and counterfeiters but SOPA and PIPA are the wrong way to do it.

SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act). (Wikipedia) The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), also known as H.R. 3261, is a bill that was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on October 26, 2011, by Representative Lamar Smith (R-TX) and a bipartisan group of 12 initial co-sponsors. The bill expands the ability of U.S. law enforcement and copyright holders to fight online trafficking in copyrighted intellectual property and counterfeit goods.[2] Now before the House Judiciary Committee, it builds on the similar PRO-IP Act of 2008 and the corresponding Senate bill, the PROTECT IP Act.[3]

SOPA. The originally proposed bill would allow the U.S. Department of Justice, as well as copyright holders, to seek court orders against websites accused of enabling or facilitating copyright infringement. Depending on who requests the court orders, the actions could include barring online advertising networks and payment facilitators such as PayPal from doing business with the allegedly infringing website, barring search engines from linking to such sites, and requiring Internet service providers to block access to such sites. The bill would make unauthorized streaming of copyrighted content a crime, with a maximum penalty of five years in prison for 10 pieces of music or movies within six months. The bill also gives immunity to Internet services that voluntarily take action against websites dedicated to infringement, while making liable for damages any copyright holder who knowingly misrepresents that a website is dedicated to infringement.[4]

Proponents of the bill say it protects the intellectual property market and corresponding industry, jobs and revenue, and is necessary to bolster enforcement of copyright laws especially against foreign websites.[5] They cite examples such as Google's $500 million settlement with the Department of Justice for its role in a scheme to target U.S. consumers with ads to buy illegal prescription drugs from Canadian pharmacies. Opponents say that it infringes on First Amendment rights, is Internet censorship,[6] will cripple the Internet,[7] and will threaten whistle-blowing and other free speech.[8]

The House Judiciary Committee held hearings on SOPA on November 16 and December 15, 2011. The Committee is scheduled to continue debate when Congress returns from its winter recess.[9]

DNSSEC (Secure DNS Extention). Designed to protect the Internet from certain attacks, such as DNS cache poisoning. It is a set of extensions to DNS, which provide: a) origin authentication of DNS data, b) data integrity, and c) authenticated denial of existence. These mechanisms require changes to the DNS protocol. DNSSEC adds four new resource record types: Resource Record Signature (RRSIG), DNS Public Key (DNSKEY), Delegation Signer (DS), and Next Secure (NSEC). These new RRs are described in detail in RFC 4034. It also adds two new DNS header flags: Checking Disabled (CD) and Authenticated Data (AD). In order to support the larger DNS message sizes that result from adding the DNSSEC RRs, DNSSEC also requires EDNS0 support (RFC 2671). Finally, DNSSEC requires support for the DNSSEC OK (DO) EDNS header bit (RFC 3225) so that a security-aware resolver can indicate in its queries that it wishes to receive DNSSEC RRs in response messages. By checking the signature, a DNS resolver is able to check if the information is identical (correct and complete) to the info on the authoritative DNS server

DNSSEC Security and Other Technical Concerns Raised by the DNS Filtering Requirements in the PROTECT IP Bill PDF Format

PROTECT IP Act, PIPA Protect IP Act, S.968 - PROTECT IP Act of 2011. A bill to prevent online threats to economic creativity and theft of intellectual property, and for other purposes.

DMCA, Digital Millennium Copyright Act Copyright Infringement Takedowns. They clamb get stolen content removed.

More info on the SOPA Bill at Wikipedia

Don't Break the Internet SOAP and PIPA, (Stanford Law Review), Two bills now pending in Congress—the PROTECT IP Act of 2011 (Protect IP) in the Senate and the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the House—represent the latest legislative attempts to address a serious global problem: large-scale online copyright and trademark infringement. Although the bills differ in certain respects, they share an underlying approach and an enforcement philosophy that pose grave constitutional problems and that could have potentially disastrous consequences for the stability and security of the Internet’s addressing system, for the principle of interconnectivity that has helped drive the Internet’s extraordinary growth, and for free expression.

Stop the Internet Blacklist Legislation – Stop #SOPA #PIPA (Makerbot 3D Printers)

Black List The Internet blacklist legislation—known as PROTECT IP Act (PIPA) in the Senate and Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the House—invites Internet security risks, threatens online speech, and hampers innovation on the Web. Urge your members of Congress to reject this Internet blacklist campaign in both its forms!To make the most impact, we're asking YOU to do two things. Today, use our handy tool to send an email to your representatives, letting them know you oppose these bills and they should too. Then, on January 23, when the Senate is back in session (and scheduled to vote on PIPA on January 24), call your Senator and tell him or her that it's time to stand with the Internet and against the Internet blacklists!

How to act against ACTA. ACTA is an ongoing multi-lateral trade agreement which threatens to change the Internet as we know it and puts fundamental freedoms at risk.

Google s actual Privacy Policy Read the Google Privacy Policy

Google New Privacy Policy. They say they are getting rid of over 60 different privacy policies across Google and replacing them with one that’s a lot shorter and easier to read. Our new policy covers multiple products and features, reflecting our desire to create one beautifully simple and intuitive experience across Google. Notice of change 1 March 2012 is when the new Privacy Policy and Google Terms of Service will come into effect. If you choose to keep using Google once the change occurs, you will be doing so under the new Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. This stuff matters, so please take a few minutes to read our updated Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service

Google New Privacy Policy Google State: People have different privacy concerns. Our goal is to be clear about what information we collect, so that you can make meaningful choices about how it is used. For example, you can:

• Review and control certain types of information tied to your Google Account by using Google Dashboard.
• View and edit your ad preferences, such as which categories might interest you, using the Ad Preferences Manager. You can also opt out of certain Google advertising services here.
• Use our editor to see and adjust how your Google Profile appears to particular individuals.
• Control who you share information with.
• Take information out of many of our services.

You may also set your browser to block all cookies, including cookies associated with our services, or to indicate when a cookie is being set by us. However, it’s important to remember that many of our services may not function properly if your cookies are disabled. For example, we may not remember your language preferences.

Help us spy on Twitter: FBI asks companies to develop software for monitoring social media to predict crimes

The FBI is to use automated scanners to monitor people’s posts on social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, it has emerged this week – and privacy campaigners have described it as an attack on free speech.
The agency is looking for companies to build it software that will scan social networks for ‘danger’ words – and agents will respond to ‘breaking news, incidents and emerging threats’.
Agents will be able to see people’s tweets on a map – and could use the software to ‘predict’ crimes.

The paper calling for companies to get involved seems to suggest that the agency will use software to target individuals – ‘bad actors’ – and to build up maps of areas where ‘wrongdoing’ erupts.

Data laws 'breached every day', Leveson Inquiry hears. Data protection laws covering illegally obtaining or using personal information are being breached every day, the Leveson Inquiry has heard. UK information commissioner Christopher Graham said efforts to deal with this "real challenge" were being frustrated by the press. But he added he had not seen evidence of breaches by the press since 2006. He said data abuses were not just about the press but NHS workers, bank clerks and private investigators. Also on Thursday, David-John Collins, a vice-president of Google, told the inquiry that it took privacy "extremely seriously".

Facebook 'protected by own users' Facebook has "an 800 million-strong Neighbourhood Watch system" to protect against people carrying out malicious acts, the Leveson Inquiry hears.

Focus Placed on Legal Files from Megaupload Shutdown (Ping! Zine Web Hosting Magazine) – Users who had legal files stored within embattled file sharing site Megaupload are receiving a helping hand from Carpathia Hosting. The web host announced it was teaming up with the Electronic Frontier Foundation (an electronic rights organization) to assist those users with exploring their options for retrieving their files. Megaupload was shut down by U.S. authorities earlier this month with the site’s operators arrested and accused of illegally profiting from pirated material contained on the site. To raise the issue of retrieving legal files from the shut-down file sharing site, Carpathia Hosting and the Electronic Frontier Foundation have launched Megaretrieval

Cryptome. Documents on cryptology, dual-use technologies, and national security and intelligence. Includes archives.

Safer Surfing, To help prevent viewing of Adult sites

The Child Exploitation and Online Protection (CEOP) Centre works across the UK and maximises international links to deliver a holistic approach that combines police powers with the dedicated expertise of business sectors, government, specialist charities and other interested organisations - all focused on tackling child sex abuse wherever and whenever it happens.

Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Websites that are collecting information from children under the age of thirteen are required to comply with Federal Trade Commission ( FTC ) Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).

Light a million candles against Child Pornography 

Connect Safely is for parents, teens, educators, advocates - everyone engaged in and interested in the impact of the social Web. The user-driven, all-media, multi-platform, fixed and mobile social Web is a big part of young people's lives, and this is the central space – linked to from social networks across the Web - for learning about safe, civil use of Web 2.0 together. Our forum is also designed to give teens and parents a voice in the public discussion about youth online safety begun back in the '90s. Connect Safely also has all kinds of social-media safety tips for teens and parents, the latest youth-tech news, and many other resources.   More Safer Surfing, To help prevent viewing of Adult sites

Internet Safety Guide from Common Sense Media's

i-Safe Inc. is a leading publisher of media literacy and digital citizenship education materials and programming with worldwide distribution channels. Founded in 1998 and supported by the U.S. Congress and various executive agencies of the U.S. government, i-SAFE is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating and empowering youth (and others) to safely, responsibly and productively use Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). i-SAFE’s best practices classroom curriculum for primary and secondary school students is embedded with dynamic community outreach activities to empower students, teachers, parents, law enforcement professionals, and other community members to control their online experiences by proficiently and independently exercising a learned and practiced ability to use the Internet and other ICT with a level of sophistication that results in increased safety and utility.

How Google 'removes' content from its search engine

WebAIM (Web Accessibility in Mind) evaluate the accessibility of their web content. Though estimates vary, most studies find that about one fifth (20%) of the population has some kind of disability. Not all of these people have disabilities that make it difficult for them to access the Internet. For example, a person whose legs are paralyzed can still navigate a web site without any disability-related difficulty. Still, if only halfor even a quarterof these individuals have disabilities that affect their ability to access the Internet, this is a significant portion of the population. Businesses would be unwise to purposely exclude 20, 10 or even 5 percent of their potential customers from their Web sites. Schools, universities, and government entities would be not only unwise, but, in many countries, they would also be breaking the law if they did so.  (This is provided for information:)

WebAIM  Simulations include :-

• Screen Reader Simulation
• Low Vision Simulation
• Dyslexia Simulation
• Distractability Simulation

Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). W3C WAI's work on accessibility of Ajax, DHTML, and other application technologies includes the Accessibility for Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA)  Suite Roadmap for Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA Roadmap).

It is a legal requirement for your organisation's website and intranet to comply with the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA). But perhaps more importantly, it makes good business sense to ensure all your customers can access your goods and services. It is estimated that 10 million adults in the UK have a disability and the combined spending power of disabled adults is 80 billion annually.

The Guild of Accessible Web Designers (GAWDS) is a worldwide association of professional organisations, web designers and developers working together to promote the use and preservation of accessible design standards. Promoting a vision of the future that assumes accessible web design to be, relevant, obtainable, and not at odds with successful business practice or good visual and usable design." (This is provided for information: The A Great Portal Collection of Websites by DOT Solutions. is not a member of The Guild of Accessible Web Designers (GAWDS) .

Internet Watch Foundation Site Index (Legal issues. Reports illegal and offensive Internet Issues.) The IWF act as a filter for the Police and will act immediately on any reports of images images of child abuse hosted anywhere in the world, criminally obscene content hosted in the UK and criminally racist content hosted in the UK.

Virtual Global Taskforce (VGT) The VGT is an interactive unit of police officers who accept reports from the public about cases of online abuse involving children. Any suspect encounters in chatrooms, on Instant Messenger, via e-mail or through the web can be reported to them directly.

Are You Blogging Within Your Fair Use Rights?  Also see Blogs. Blogging. BLOG. Vlogs. Video Blogs    Digital Millennium Copyright Act , (PDF, Portable Document Files Format).  Copyright Government Website  also read Advertising Methods Copyright

What Is Fair Use?

More WebProNews Videos

What Is Fair Use? Fair Use is said to be part of Copyright law. What is legally classified as Fair Use? it's a question that is puzzling to many. With the number of content producers increasing as a result of the Internet, it is even more important that the issue of Fair Use is understood. ...... Bloggers often receive grief from mass media in regards to quotes and other material. Some of the grief is merited since some bloggers simply copy and paste an article into their blog. While the law is probably not in favor of this usage, bloggers do have the right to pull some quotes, images, and video from publishers, as long as they are used in the right context.

PCeU - Police Central e-crime Unit To create a national centre of excellence to combat e-crime, (electronic crime),  in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. To improve the police response to victims of e-crime by developing the capability of the Police Service across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, co-ordinating the law enforcement approach to all types of e-crime, and by providing a national investigative capability for the most serious e-crime incidents. Metropolitan Police Service

Digital Economy Act. The Act's provisions against the act of copyright infringement proved establishes a system of law which aims to first increase the ease of tracking down and suing persistent infringers, and after a minimum of one year permit the introduction of "technical measures" to reduce the quality of, or potentially terminate, those infringers' Internet connections. It also creates a new ex-judicial process to handle appeals. The ISP must then send a notification to the subscriber in question. The conditions under which this is required (i.e. the standard of evidence required) are not specified in the Act, but left to Ofcom's regulatory code. The report and its recipient is noted by the ISP, if valid, but no further action is taken. The next stage in proceedings involves the rightsholder requesting a "copyright infringement list" from the ISP. This contains an anonymous list of all subscribers who have "reached the threshold set in the Ofcom code" with regard to infringement reports for their works. The rightsholder can then approach a judge to gain a court order to identify some or all of the subscribers on the list, and with that information launch standard copyright infringement litigation against them.

'Archaic' Copyright Law To Be Shelved, (UK). May make it legally acceptable to copy things like music that you paid for for backup or use by immediate family. An outdated law meaning millions of people are unknowingly copying music illegally is due to be swept away by the UK Government. Business Secretary has backed proposals to update what some have called the country's "archaic copyright laws". At the moment it is technically illegal to transfer content from CDs and DVD's onto a different format such as a computer or MP3 player. Today the Government is putting the wheels in motion to change this, allowing people to transfer content and make copies for their own and immediate family's personal use. It will still be illegal to download and the sharing of copyrighted material over the internet

Open Rights Group The UK’s leading voice defending freedom of expression, privacy, innovation, consumer rights and creativity on the internet. We campaign to change public policy whenever citizens' or consumers' rights are threatened. We do this by talking to policy-makers and mobilising our supporters to stop bad laws in the UK and EU. They Campaign against the Digital Economy Bill, now the Digital Economy Act.

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested individual. The IETF Mission Statement is documented in RFC 3935.

Electronic Frontier Foundation. Defending Your Rights in the Digital World. From the Internet to the iPod, technologies are transforming our society and empowering us as speakers, citizens, creators, and consumers. When our freedoms in the networked world come under attack, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is the first line of defense. EFF is a nonprofit group of passionate people lawyers, volunteers, and visionaries working to protect your digital rights. EFF broke new ground when it was founded in 1990 — well before the Internet was on most people's radar — and continues to confront cutting-edge issues defending free speech, privacy, innovation, and consumer rights today. From the beginning, EFF has championed the public interest in every critical battle affecting digital rights.

UK Intellectual Property Office (UK law)

ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) 

ICANN Dispute Policy  InterNIC FAQs on the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP)   Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules") (As Approved by ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) on October 24, 1999) http://www.icann.org/udrp/udrp-rules-24oct99.htm   or   http://www.icann.org/udrp/udrp-rules-24oct99.htm

ICANN-accredited registrars.

ICANN  Whois Data Reminder Policy. At least annually, a registrar must present to the registrant the current Whois information, and remind the registrant that provision of false Whois information can be grounds for cancellation of their domain name registration. Registrants must review their Whois data, and make any corrections. InterNIC Registrar Problem Reports. If you have a problem with one of the registrars, you should first try to resolve it with that registrar.

ICANN policy. Your domain contact data must be current and accurate, Under ICANN rules and the terms of your registration agreement, PROVIDING FALSE CONTACT INFORMATION CAN BE GROUNDS FOR DOMAIN NAME CANCELLATION. More about buying and selling domain names

Considerations for innocent domain name owners.

Sign an online petition to stop domain name parking (also known as Cybersquatting). What is Cybersquatting? Did you ever try to get a domain name for your business, only to find that it was already taken - but not being legitimately used.  The owner is engaged in cybersquatting!  The cybersquatters grab the domain names and often resell them for hundreds, or even thousands of dollars.  This practice is rampant and makes it almost impossible for you to get good domain names for legitimate purposes.

Information Commissioner's site. Laws require that customers opt in to sharing of data for marketing purposes where the marketing would be by email. Businesses should be wary of buying data from third-party sources, he said, and be sure to verify they have legal right to use the data in the way they intend. Read Opt-In email

Data Protection Act

The Data Protection Directive (on wikipedia) (officially Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data) is a European Union directive which regulates the processing of personal data within the European Union. It is an important component of EU privacy and human rights law. The directive was implemented in 1995 by the European Commission.  

Data Protection at the European Commission

The European Union's Data Retention Directive (the "Directive ") seeks to assist law enforcement officials in their efforts to combat terrorism and to standardize disparate laws regarding data retention within the European Union (EU). The Directive requires companies to retain traffic and location data that identifies a subscriber or registered user of a Web site for a period of six to twenty-four months. Implementation of the Directive takes place at the national level and poses many challenges to providers of electronic communication services. There is no analogous United States federal law mandating data retention. The United States, however, has a data preservation requirement, which pertains only to specific information requested by the United States government. This Article compares the two distinct approaches and examines which approach better balances the interests of law enforcement officials combating terrorism, and the cost to companies and consumers to comply with the laws. This Article concludes that the United State's current legal framework of data preservation strikes a more favorable balance between these competing interests.

U.S.-EU & Swiss Safe Harbor Frameworks. The European Commission’s Directive on Data Protection would prohibit the transfer of personal data to non-European Union nations that do not meet the European “adequacy” standard for privacy protection. While the United States and the European Union share the goal of enhancing privacy protection for their citizens, the United States takes a different approach to privacy from that taken by the European Union. In order to bridge these different privacy approaches and provide a streamlined means for U.S. organizations to comply with the Directive, the U.S. Department of Commerce in consultation with the European Commission developed a "Safe Harbor" framework and this website to provide the information an organization should need to evaluate – and then join – the Safe Harbor. Similarly, the U.S. Department of Commerce in consultation with the Federal Data Protection and Information Commission of Switzerland, (Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner, FDPIC), developed a "Safe Harbor" framework to bridge the different privacy approaches between the two countries and provide a streamlined means for U.S. organizations to comply with the Swiss data protection law. U.S. – European Union Safe Harbor Framework and U.S. - Switzerland Safe Harbor Framework

Ofcom, (Office of Communication. TV and Radio regulators ), is the communications regulator. We regulate TV and radio, fixed line telecoms and mobiles, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate.

Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act ("ACPA") present grave risks to innocent domain name owners. This page offers some general comments for domain name owners to assist them in avoiding loss of their domain names.

Cybertelecom's DMCA Information and Background Material

US and Link Domain Law. Congress passed a law this week aimed at protecting kids from stumbling onto porn through misspelled domain names, searches, and "misleading" hyperlinks. Be sure everything is clearly labelled or you could be fined or imprisoned!

H.R. 4472: Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 (Govtrack.us)

Safer Surfing, To help prevent viewing of Adult sites

Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)     Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998  (USA)

The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Established in 1994 and is an administrative unit in Geneva, Switzerland. Its purpose is to offer arbitration and mediation services for the resolution of commercial disputes between private parties involving intellectual property. The dispute resolution procedures offered by the Center, which lend themselves also to other types of commercial disputes, constitute alternatives to court litigation. The Center is international, independent and neutral, and is assisted in its operation by advisory bodies composed of external experts in international dispute resolution and intellectual property. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) options, in particular arbitration.

Internationalized domain name (IDN) ( Described by Wikipedia ) is an Internet domain name that (potentially) contains non-ASCII characters. Such domain names could contain letters with diacritics, as required by many European languages, or characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. However, the standard for domain names does not allow such characters, and much work has gone into finding a way around this, either by changing the standard, or by agreeing on a way to convert internationalized domain names into standard ASCII domain names while preserving the stability of the domain name system. Translation Links.

Domain Name Transfer's ICANN Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy. All registrars in the .biz, .com, .info, .name, .net, and .org top-level domains follow the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (often referred to as the "UDRP"). Under the policy, most types of trademark-based domain-name disputes must be resolved by agreement, court action, or arbitration before a registrar will cancel, suspend, or transfer a domain name. Disputes alleged to arise from abusive registrations of domain names (for example, cybersquatting) may be addressed by expedited administrative proceedings that the holder of trademark rights initiates by filing a complaint with an approved dispute-resolution service provider. To invoke the policy, a trademark owner should either (a) file a complaint in a court of proper jurisdiction against the domain-name holder (or where appropriate an in-rem action concerning the domain name) or (b) in cases of abusive registration submit a complaint to an approved dispute-resolution service provider.

Registration web site This website has been established to provide the public information regarding Internet domain name registration services.

American Registry for Internet Numbers ARIN

UKReg Domain Name Dispute Policy

Nominet Disputes account all registrations in the .uk Top Level Domains.

Domain Name law (Sedo)

Top websites. Domains Top Address. Find or sell domain names. Want to sell a Domain Name? Want to make money from a unused domain name you own?  Only pay on a sale. Need to find a domain name for your business? Search now!

PCI compliance This s required if you plan on accepting cardholders' information for an e-commerce business. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a set of requirements that attempts to keep credit card information secure by maintaining a secure server. The following document attempts to correlate the effects of SSL, (Secure Socket Layer),  and mod_frontpage versions on PCI compliance scanning.

• PCI Compliance Scanning and Heat Maps and Software Versions
  • OpenSSL
  • mod_frontpage
• Troubleshooting

Design for All (DfA) or inclusive design means design of mainstream products, services and systems to be accessible by as broad a range of users as possible. E-accessibility is about making the computer technology that we all take for granted accessible.